Summer is the hottest of the four temperate seasons, falling after
spring and before autumn. At or around the summer solstice (about 3
days before Midsummer Day), the earliest sunrise and latest sunset
occurs, the days are longest and the nights are shortest, with day
length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The
date of the beginning of summer varies according to climate,
tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere,
it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.From an
astronomical view, the equinoxes and solstices would be the middle of
the respective seasons, but sometimes astronomical summer is defined
as starting at the solstice, the time of maximal insolation, often
identified with the 21st day of June or December. A variable seasonal
lag means that the meteorological centre of the season, which is based
on average temperature patterns, occurs several weeks after the time
of maximal insolation. The meteorological convention is to define
summer as comprising the months of June, July, and August in the
northern hemisphere and the months of December, January, and February
in the southern hemisphere. Under meteorological definitions, all
seasons are arbitrarily set to start at the beginning of a calendar
month and end at the end of a month. This meteorological definition of
summer also aligns with the commonly viewed notion of summer as the
season with the longest (and warmest) days of the year, in which
daylight predominates. The meteorological reckoning of seasons is used
in Australia, Austria, Denmark, Russia and Japan. It is also used by
many in the United Kingdom and in Canada. In Ireland, the summer
months according to the national meteorological service, Met Éireann,
are June, July and August. However, according to the Irish Calendar,
summer begins on 1 May and ends on 1 August. School textbooks in
Ireland follow the cultural norm of summer commencing on 1 May rather
than the meteorological definition of 1 June.
spring and before autumn. At or around the summer solstice (about 3
days before Midsummer Day), the earliest sunrise and latest sunset
occurs, the days are longest and the nights are shortest, with day
length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The
date of the beginning of summer varies according to climate,
tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere,
it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.From an
astronomical view, the equinoxes and solstices would be the middle of
the respective seasons, but sometimes astronomical summer is defined
as starting at the solstice, the time of maximal insolation, often
identified with the 21st day of June or December. A variable seasonal
lag means that the meteorological centre of the season, which is based
on average temperature patterns, occurs several weeks after the time
of maximal insolation. The meteorological convention is to define
summer as comprising the months of June, July, and August in the
northern hemisphere and the months of December, January, and February
in the southern hemisphere. Under meteorological definitions, all
seasons are arbitrarily set to start at the beginning of a calendar
month and end at the end of a month. This meteorological definition of
summer also aligns with the commonly viewed notion of summer as the
season with the longest (and warmest) days of the year, in which
daylight predominates. The meteorological reckoning of seasons is used
in Australia, Austria, Denmark, Russia and Japan. It is also used by
many in the United Kingdom and in Canada. In Ireland, the summer
months according to the national meteorological service, Met Éireann,
are June, July and August. However, according to the Irish Calendar,
summer begins on 1 May and ends on 1 August. School textbooks in
Ireland follow the cultural norm of summer commencing on 1 May rather
than the meteorological definition of 1 June.
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